ASTRONOMY DEPARTMENT AND THE HOPKINS OBSERVATORY
Faculty included Karen B. Kwitter, Ebenezer Fitch Professor of Astronomy
and Chair; Marek Demianski, Visiting Professor of Astronomy; and Jay M. Pasachoff,
Field Memorial Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Hopkins Observatory,
who was on leave for the year at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
in Cambridge, MA. Stephan E. Martin, Instructor in Astronomy and Observatory
Supervisor, who for six years has done wonderful work with our students and
with our equipment, left at the end of June 2002 to pursue graduate studies.
The department is happy to have hired Dr. Steven Souza in this newly full-time
position.
For the second straight year, the department enrolled the most astrophysics
and astronomy majors ever; there were nine rising juniors in the class of
2004, seven rising seniors in the class of 2003, and nine seniors graduating
in the class of 2002. Graduating astrophysics majors were Daniel Bissex,
Gabriel Brammer, Shoshana Clark, Bethany Cobb, Rossen Djagalov, Caleb Fassett,
David (Mike) Gioiello, and David Glick; William Allen graduated as an astronomy
major. Rising seniors are Kathleen Gibbons, Christopher Holmes, Kristen Shapiro,
Wei-Li Deng, Megan VanDyke, Naila Baloch, and David Ticehurst. Incoming
astrophysics juniors are Paul Crittenden, Jesse Dill, Robertson Follansbee,
Matthew Hoffman, Martin Mudd, Lissa Ong, Davis Stevenson and Galen Thorp.
Incoming astronomy junior is Sarah Croft.
Kwitter and her colleagues continue their studies of planetary nebulae
– glowing gas shells ejected by dying stars. (See
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/pr/97/pn/.)
The chemical composition of these extraordinarily beautiful and complex objects
yields important clues as to the nature of the nuclear processing that went
on inside the parent star. These stars, which make up the majority of those
in our Milky Way Galaxy, have masses between about 0.8 and 10 times the mass
of our sun. In addition to the evolutionary history of their progenitors,
planetary nebulae as a class offer an opportunity to study the properties
of the surrounding interstellar medium and the chemical evolution of the
Galaxy as a whole.
Kwitter and Richard Henry of the University of Oklahoma are working
on a multi-faceted project to study planetary nebulae as individual objects
and as probes of chemical evolution in the Galaxy (and possibly in other
galaxies as well). Their work is funded by an NSF grant. They are studying
the abundances of sulfur, chlorine, and argon in planetary nebulae. These
elements are particularly interesting because their amounts are not altered
by the nucleosynthesis in the progenitor stars, and therefore these amounts
should reflect those in the gas out of which the progenitor star formed billions
of years ago. This allows us to evaluate predictions of the buildup of these
elements over time in the Galaxy and to assess the various contributions,
particularly from Type Ia supernovae, which come from the incineration of
white dwarf stars too massive to withstand gravitational collapse.
During the summer of 2001, Roger Cohen (Wesleyan ’03), a Keck Northeast
Astronomy Consortium (KNAC) Summer Fellow (see
http://www.wellesley.edu/Astronomy/keck/),
worked with Kwitter on organizing and verifying a dataset of abundances in
more than 50 southern planetary nebulae. He presented his results at the
annual KNAC Undergraduate Symposium on Research in Astronomy, and published
in the
Astrophysical Journal Supplement. In the summer of 2002, Matthew
Hoffman ’04, and KNAC Summer Fellow Mun Keat Chan (Middlebury ’03) worked
with Kwitter on high-dispersion spectroscopic observations of several planetary
nebulae, aimed at determining the abundance of iron in these objects. These
students accompanied Kwitter on an observing run at Kitt Peak National Observatory
in June 2002.
During the summer of 2002, Kwitter worked with students sponsored by
the Williams Instructional Technology program to design an interactive web
site that will allow viewing and downloading of her amassed collection of
planetary nebula spectra. Each spectrum reaches from the near ultraviolet
(3600Å) to the near infrared (9600Å), at moderate spectral resolution.
The figure shows a typical spectrum, with important emission lines identified
by ion name and wavelength. All spectra were obtained at Kitt Peak National
Observatory in Tucson, Arizona, where several Williams students assisted
in the observations, and at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory near
La Serena, Chile. The web site will link to images and to atlas information
for each object. This research on planetary nebulae has been supported by
the National Science Foundation.
This past year Kwitter was elected to a three-year term as a member
of theObservatories Council of the Association of Universities for
Research in Astronomy (AURA), the organization responsible for managing US
National Observatories. She continued to serve on the Space Sciences panel
for the National Research Council Associateship Programs Review. The NRC
is the principle operating agency of the National Academy of Sciences and
National Academy of Engineering, and awards postdoctoral and senior associateships
at national facilities. Kwitter also reviewed manuscripts for several astronomy
journals. In addition she continued as a member on two committees of the
American Astronomical Society: the selection committee for the Annie Cannon
Award, of which she was chair; and the Committee on the Status of Women
in Astronomy. She is also on the Advisory Board of the Encyclopedia of
Astronomy and Astrophysics, published by the Institute of Physics.
In November 2001, Kwitter attended IAU Symposium #209 on “Planetary Nebulae:
Their Role in the Universe,” held in Canberra, Australia, at which she presented
a poster. In addition, Kwitter attended the meeting of the American Astronomical
Society in Washington, D.C. in January 2002. She was the organizer of the
12th annual Keck Northeast Astronomy Consortium Symposium on
Student Research in Astronomy, held at Williams in November 2001. More
than 120 faculty and students from the eight Keck schools (Colgate, Haverford,
Middlebury, Swarthmore, Vassar, Wellesley, Wesleyan and Williams) were in
attendance, and 33 students presented their research results. Kwitter also
served as editor of the meeting procedures.
Kwitter received support through the College’s Critical Reasoning
and Analytical Skills (CRAAS) course initiative, to design a new upper-level
course focusing on interstellar matter, called “Between the Stars.” This
course, designated Astronomy 402, will be taught in the spring of 2003, and
will include substantial writing, computing, and observing components.
Jay M. Pasachoff, with students Gabe Brammer ’02, Kate Gibbons ’03,
and Roban Kramer (Keck Summer Fellow, Swarthmore ’03), began the reduction
of their eclipse expedition data, which were gathered in Zambia on June 21,
2001, working with Dr. Babcock and Mr. Martin. The data concern the intensity
and polarization of the solar corona. Daniel Seaton ’01, now at the Harvard-Smithsonian
Center for Astrophysics in the TRACE project, participated in the work, making
mosaics of eclipse images and combining them with data from Dr. Leon Golub’s
rocket that made x-ray images as well as from the Solar and Heliospheric
Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. Together, the data enable coronal streamers
to be traced to their roots on the solar disk. Data from the Large Angle
Spectrographic Coronagraph (LASCO) is also being considered.
During January and April 2002, Brammer used the clean room at the UVCS
(SOHO’s Ultraviolet Coronagraphic Spectrometer) facility at the Harvard-Smithsonian
Center of Astrophysics (CfA), under the tutelage of Dr. Adrian Daw, to test
the instrumental polarization in the telescope/CCD system used to observe
coronal polarization at the 2001 eclipse. The results, part of his senior
thesis, showed a low level of polarization. Images from the eclipse appear
at
www.williams.edu/astronomy/eclipse,
in part the result of work by summer students at Williams College’s computer
center. The observations, in collaboration with Drs. John Kohl and Peter
L. Smith of the CfA, are to check on the overlap of polarization measurements
made with two SOHO instruments and the Williams eclipse instrument. The expedition
was supported by the NSF, by the Committee for Research and Exploration of
the National Geographic Society, by NASA, by the Massachusetts Space Grant,
by the W.M. Keck Foundation through the Keck Northeast Astronomy Consortium,
and by Sigma Xi. Further support came from the Brandi Fund, the Safford
Fund, the Rob Spring ’75 Fund, and the Bronfman Science Center, all at Williams.
Seaton pursued the data from the 1999 eclipse that had led to a published
paper detecting high-frequency oscillations on coronal loops, and carried
out a wavelet analysis. He delivered a paper on the extended subject, joint
with Pasachoff, Babcock, and Kevin Russell ’00, at the Albuquerque meeting
of the American Astronomical Society in June 2002.
Pasachoff traveled to observe the annular eclipse of December 14, 2001,
from a site on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica together with an expedition
from the University of Costa Rica. He subsequently traveled to observe the
annular eclipse of June 10, 2002, from a site at sea south of Puerta Vallarta,
Mexico. He lectured to both groups.
Pasachoff worked on organizing the expedition to Ceduna, Australia,
for the total solar eclipse of 4 December 2002. In May 2002, he made a reconnoitering
trip to Ceduna and Adelaide and made suitable arrangements for the ultimate
expedition. In Sydney, he consulted on the subsequent Antarctic eclipse
of 22/23 November 2003, which may have to be observed from an icebreaker
or adjacent ice.
Pasachoff continued to work with Dr. Donald A. Lubowich of the American
Institute of Physics and Hofstra College on a series of observations involving
cosmic deuterium. Deuterium is a uniquely sensitive tracer of the physical
conditions in the era of nucleosynthesis, which began about 1 second after
the Big Bang and lasted about 1000 seconds. All the deuterium in the universe
was formed during that interval. Brammer, David A. Ticehurst ’03 and Kristen
Shapiro ’03 observed on this project with the 45-m millimeter radio telescope
at the Nobeyama Radio Observatory in Japan. Subsequent observations were
made on related deuterium topics with the 12-m millimeter radio telescope
of the Steward Observatory on Kitt Peak and with the Haystack Radio Telescope
in Westford, MA, sometimes on site and sometimes remotely. A number of deuterated
molecules were detected, and the observational results are under analysis.
The existing results were described in Brammer’s senior thesis.
As a major part of his sabbatical at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center
for Astrophysics, Pasachoff resumed work on the solar chromosphere, a long-time
interest, by planning high-spatial-resolution observations with the Transition
Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) spacecraft. He worked with Dr. Ed DeLuca
and Dr. Leon Golub of the CfA, who are major figures in the TRACE program,
and prepared two grant applications for NASA to participate in the work.
Seaton ’01, who is working for the TRACE group at CfA, made some preliminary
measurements on existing TRACE data, showing the feasibility of the project.
Dr. Klaus Wilhelm, former head of the SUMER project on SOHO, and Dr. Goran
Scharmer, of the New Swedish Solar Telescope on La Palma, Canary Islands,
have agreed to make joint observations with the Williams Group.
TRACE provides constant seeing, allowing chromospheric spicules at the
solar limb to be followed accurately over time and thus provide an improvement
to Pasachoff’s earlier observations of spicule dynamics and spectra. Because
the mass in spicules is enough to replace the corona in a brief time though
coronal mass is not replaced so quickly, solar physicists have accepted that
most of the spicules return to lower levels of the solar atmosphere, though
they still discuss whether it is on ballistic or magnetically guided trajectories.
Studying the registered images of spicules in ultraviolet chromospheric
and coronal spectral lines should allow distinguishing between changes in
direction of the spicular gas and the advance of an ionization front.
Pasachoff was invited by Dr. James L. Elliot of MIT to participate in
expeditions to Chile and to Hawaii for the occultations of stars by Pluto
predicted for July 20 and August 20. He began planning for these occultations,
in collaboration with Babcock and Souza; Ticehurst is to participate. Only
once previously, in 1988, was such an occultation observed, and essentially
all that is known about Pluto’s atmosphere came from that event. The prospective
results are to distinguish between two models for Pluto’s atmosphere based
on the previous occultation: is there a haze layer in Pluto’s lower atmosphere
or does the temperature structure differ there from that at higher levels?
We should also find out if Pluto’s atmosphere has changed since 1988. The
important question of whether Pluto’s atmosphere will freeze out in the next
decade or so, to remain unable to be further investigated for over 200 years
as Pluto moves farther from the sun in its 250-year orbit, may also be resolved.
And, of course, such a rare opportunity could lead to a radical revision
of astronomers understanding of Pluto’s atmosphere and of its relation with
the increasingly important class of objects known as Kuiper Belt Objects.
Pasachoff continued his collaboration with Dr. Roberta J. M. Olson on
the overlap of art and astronomy. Olson is at the New York Historical Society.
They gave an invited lecture on “Meteoritics and Visual Metaphors” to the
Meteoritic Society meeting in Rome in September. In April, Pasachoff visited
the Frick Collection to discuss possible eclipse illumination in a 16th-century
painting by Bellini, at the invitation of the director, Dr. Samuel Sachs.
In his eclipse work, Pasachoff was busy not only on scientific tasks
but also on educational pursuits relevant to the safe observing of eclipses
by local populations, through his roles as Chair of the Working Group on
Solar Eclipses of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) (see
www.williams.edu/astronomy/eclipses)
and as Chair of the Subcommittee on Public Education through Eclipses of
the Commission on Education and Development of the IAU. (See
www.eclipses.info.)
Williams College joined the Massachusetts Space Grant Consortium, which
is headquartered at M.I.T. Other members include Boston University, the
Charles Stark Draper Lab, Harvard University, Tufts University, the University
of Massachusetts, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and the Marine Biological
Laboratory at Woods Hole, the Five College Astronomy Department, Northeastern
University, the Boston Museum of Science, and the McAuliffe/Challenger Center.
Pasachoff lectured on eclipses and coronal research at M.I.T.
As part of his sabbatical appointment to the faculty of Harvard University
as Associate of the Astronomy Department, Pasachoff was a reader of the senior
thesis of Alexandru Ene, Harvard ’02, who had participated in the 1999 Williams
College eclipse expedition.
Pasachoff participated in an international meeting on “Communicating
Astronomy,” held at the Canary Islands Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics,
Tenerife, in March. He gave papers on textbooks and on trade books. He
participated in the American Astronomical Society meetings in Washington,
D.C., in January 2002 and in Albuquerque in June 2002, and gave a talk as
part of a panel discussion at a special session of the Washington meeting.
Pasachoff continued as Vice-President of the Commission for Education
and Development of the International Astronomical Union and, for a time,
as Acting President. He participated in deliberations of the Scientific
Organizing Committee for plans for the Commission’s sessions at the General
Assembly of the International Astronomical Union in Sydney, Australia, in
July 2003.
Pasachoff continues on the science board of the
World Book and
as consulting editor for astronomy of the
McGraw-Hill Scientific Encyclopedia
and Yearbooks. He is on the advisory board of the new
Astronomy Education
Review electronic journal. He was a principal of an extensive debate
on what should be taught in astronomy courses and whether “traditional astronomy”
like phases of the moon and seasons should be minimized, a discussion carried
out at the AAS meetings, in the pages of
The Physics Teacher, and in
Pasachoff’s article in the
Astronomy Education Review. See
http://aer.noao.edu/. Pasachoff continues
as science book reviewer for
The Key Reporter, the Phi Beta Kappa newsletter.
He continues as advisor to the children’s magazine
Odyssey. This
interval saw the publication of the
Encyclopedia of Imaging Science and
Technology, for which Pasachoff was an advisor.
With three astrophysics junior majors—Kate Gibbons, Wei-Li Deng, and
Naila Baloch—at the Williams at Oxford program, Pasachoff visited them in
October 2001 and discussed increasing their exposure to local astronomy with
Dr. Chris Waters, the Williams professor in charge of the program.
The sixth edition of Pasachoff’s text
Astronomy: From the Earth to
the Universe (Brooks/Cole, 2002) was published. See
http://info.brookscole.com/pasachoff/.
Souza was co-author of the Teacher’s Guide and Test Bank. Pasachoff worked
with Martin to post regular updates and press releases on a wide variety of
astronomical topics on the Web at
www.solarcorona.net.
Work began on the second edition of Pasachoff’s text
The Cosmos: Astronomy
in the New Millennium, with Alex Filippenko of the University of California
at Berkeley as co-author, also transferred to Brooks/Cole on the occasion
of Thomson International Publishing’s purchase of Saunders College Publishing.
Marek Demianski continued his interest in the process of formation and
evolution of large-scale structure of matter distribution in the universe.
In collaboration with A. Doroshkevich, Demianski proposed a new approach
to the process of structure formation stressing the role of perturbations
of the gravitational potential. Predictions of this theory were compared
with results of three different numerical simulations. In all these simulations,
it was assumed that the average mass density of the universe is dominated
by the dark matter. From theoretical considerations and numerical simulations
it follows that initially large wall-like condensations appear. Walls are
quasi-stationary structures with a long lifetime. They slowly break into
much smaller dense clouds. Demianski and his collaborators analyzed the
spatial distribution of Lyman alpha clouds, which are responsible for formation
of absorption lines in the spectra of distant quasars. It turned out that
the clouds can be identified with elements of filaments – long cylindrical
structures which are formed during the process of fragmentation of walls.
Recently they obtained access to data on about 5000 Lyman alpha clouds and
performed extensive statistical analysis. Results of this analysis of the
redshift distribution of absorbers when compared with results of numerical
simulations of the process of structure formation restricted the mass of
the dominant family of dark matter particles to 0.6 – 2 keV.
In collaboration with a group of astrophysicists from the Universita
di Napoli, Demianski analyzed the influence of local non-homogeneities of
matter distribution in the universe on light propagation. Local non-homogeneities
can change the distance estimation. This effect has been applied to study
gravitational lensing of distant quasars and to estimate the error of the
Hubble constant determination from observations of Type Ia supernovae. This
analysis has been recently extended to study the influence of local non-homogeneities
on observations of time delay in the luminosity of images of variable quasars.
Demianski has also been active in the European Planck consortium where
he is a co-principal investigator in the Low Frequency Instrument and in
the CMBNET program where he is a principal investigator responsible for studying
the topological signature of the universe in cosmic microwave background
radiation data. In collaboration with A.G. Doroshkevich, Demianski showed
that recent observations of small scale anisotropy of the cosmic microwave
background radiation already quite strongly restricts the size of the elementary
cell in the universe. It turns out that if the universe is multiply connected
then the size of the elementary cell cannot be smaller than the diameter
of the surface of last scattering.
One of the new 2.5 meter domes and a portion of the new
observation deck.
The dome housing the department’s 24” telescope can be seen on the left.
Demianski supervised two independent study projects, with Sarah Reynolds
’02 on possible energy sources of gamma-ray bursts and with Rossen Djagalov
’02 on elements of the general theory of relativity and cosmology.
Under the guidance of Steve Martin, the observatory continued to be
used in support of the astronomy curriculum. Over 125 introductory astronomy
students completed over 600 observations of celestial objects over the course
of the academic year. These included sketches, photographs, and CCD images
of the sun, moon, planets, nebulae, and galaxies. In addition to other rooftop
renovations, two new 2.5-m domes were installed at the observatory to house
a 14-inch Celestron Schmidt-Cassegrain and a 5-inch f/14 solar refractor.
A new 2.5-m diameter radio telescope was also successfully installed and
tested, further extending the department’s observing capabilities into the
radio spectrum.
Martin participated in the Williams College Eclipse Expedition to Lusaka,
Zambia, in June. He supervised an experiment carried out during the total
solar eclipse to image the solar corona at the same scale and with the same
green filter as a filter in the coronagraph experiment on board the Solar
and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). He was assisted in this experiment
by Mike Gioiello ’02 and Katherine Gibbons ’03. Daniel Seaton ’01 participated
in the preliminary analysis of these data, and composite images are viewable
at:
http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~dseaton/rocket/eit.html.
Martin continued his responsibilities for maintaining some of the World
Wide Web pages for courses in the Astronomy Department and the Observatory,
and, sponsored by Brooks/Cole College Publishing, for Pasachoff On-Line,
a site devoted to Pasachoff’s introductory astronomy textbook,
Astronomy:
From the Earth to the Universe. The Observatory pages contain
links to useful astronomy sites and provide a forum for students to display
images that they have taken with the Observatory’s CCD system and photographic
cameras as part of their observing projects. There are also pages dedicated
to observations made by the Williams College eclipse teams at the total solar
eclipses in Aruba, Romania, and Zambia (See
http://www.williams.edu/astronomy/eclipse/.)
Gabe Brammer ’02 did an honors thesis under the long-distance supervision
of Pasachoff. He worked on millimeter-wave molecular emission and absorption
to study the primordial D/H ratio and galactic chemical evolution. Joining
Pasachoff at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, he used the
clean room of the SOHO UVCS experiment to investigate the internal polarization
of the experimental equipment used in eclipse observations.
Bethany Cobb ’02, worked with Kwitter on a sample of planetary nebula
abundances and related properties. Bethany received a National Science Foundation
Graduate Fellowship, which she will use to pursue a PhD in astrophysics at
Yale.
Student roof TA’s responsible for operating the telescopes, participating
in observing research projects, and assisting introductory students with
assignments, included Gabriel Brammer ’02, Bethany Cobb ’02, David Ticehurst
’03, Galen Thorp ’04, David (Mike) Gioiello ’02, Joshua Earn ’04, Lissa Ong
’04, Max Niederste-Ostholt ’02, Robert Gonzalez ’03, Rossen Djagalov ’02
and Kristen Shapiro ’03. The Milham Planetarium was run by Gabriel Brammer
’02, David (Mike) Gioiello ’02, Christopher Holmes ’03, Max Niederste-Ostholt
’02 and Galen Thorp ’04. The show was “It’s O Right Zambia: The June 2001
Solar Eclipse Expedition.” Summer shows were given by the summer research
students.
Several students did off-campus astronomy research in the summer of
2002: Martin Mudd ’04, who worked as a KNAC Summer Fellow with Dr. Juan Cabanela
at Haverford College; Kristen Shapiro ’03, who worked at the Space Telescope
Science Institute in Baltimore; and Terry-Ann Suer ’05, who was a KNAC Summer
Fellow at Colgate, working with Prof. Tom Balonek.
ASTRONOMY COLLOQUIA
[Colloquia are held jointly with Physics. See Physics
section for additional listings.]
Henry Roe ’97, University of California at Berkeley, Class of 1960 Scholars
Program
“Weather Report from Another Planet: New Developments at Titan’s South
Pole”
Prof. Jonathan Arons ’65, University of California at Berkeley, Class of
1960 Scholars Program
“Magnetars in the Metagalaxy: The Origin of “Cosmic Baseballs” (Ultra
High Energy Cosmic Rays”
Dr. Claire Max, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Class of 1960 Scholars
Program
“Adaptive Optics: Sharper Eyes on the Sky”
Dr. Mark Trodden, Syracuse University, Class of 1960 Scholars Program
“Modern Cosmology and the Building Blocks of the Universe”
OFF-CAMPUS ASTRONOMY COLLOQUIA,
LECTURES AND PRESENTATIONS
Professor Jay M. Pasachoff
“Moon-Struck: Artists Rediscover Nature and Observe” (with R.J.M. Olson)
Paper delivered at “Earth-Moon Relationships,” the 400th Anniversary
Conference of the Galilean Academy of
Sciences, Letters and Arts, Padua, Italy, 2000.
“Deuterium Near and Far in the Milky Way” (with D.A. Lubowich and J.
Ostenson)
Delivered at the Audouze-Truran Conference on “Cosmic Evolution,” Institut
d’Astrophysique, Paris, 2000.
“Menzel and Eclipses”
Donald H. Menzel Centennial Symposium, “Donald H. Menzel: Scientist, Education,
Builder”
“Public Education in Developing Countries on the Occasions of Eclipses”
Astronomy for Developing Countries, IAU special session at the 24th
General Assembly
“Eclipse/SOHO Joint Observations of Solar Eclipses”
(with Kevin Russell, Daniel B. Seaton, Bryce A. Babcock, and Stephan Martin)
May 2001 joint meeting of the Solar Physics Division of the AAS
“Donald H. Menzel: Scientist, Educator, Builder”
(with O. Gingerich, D. Layzer, R.W. Noyes, W.H. Parkinson, and B. Welther)
May 2001 joint meeting of the Solar Physics Division of the AAS
“Meteorites and Visual Metaphors”
(with R. J. M. Olson)
Invited paper for the September 2001 meeting of the Meteoritic Society,
Rome
“TRACE Observations of the 15 November 1999 Transit of Mercury” (with
G. Schneider and L. Golub)
AAS Division of Planetary Sciences meeting, New Orleans, November, #10.02
“The Role of Research in an Astronomy or Astrophysics Major”
Special session on “The Undergraduate Astronomy Major: What and Why?” held
at the 199th AAS meeting,
Washington, DC, January 2002, #154.04
“The Chemical Composition at the Edge of the Galaxy”
(with D.A. Lubowich, T.J. Millar, R. Roberts, G.B. Brammer, and C. Henkel)
199th AAS meeting, Washington, DC, January 2002, #58.04
“Further Analysis of Short-Period Waves for Coronal Heating from the
1999 Eclipse”
(with D.B. Seaton, B.A. Babcock, and Kevin D. Russell)
200th AAS meeting, Albuquerque, June 2002, #88.04
“Coronal Heating, Mapping, and Polarization: The Williams College Expedition”
Delivered at the “Eclipses and the Solar Corona” meeting at l’Institut d’Astrophysique,
Paris
“The Working Group on Eclipses of the IAU”
Delivered at the “Eclipses and the Solar Corona” meeting at l’Institut d’Astrophysique,
Paris
“The Sun and Solar Eclipses”
M.I.T.
“Communicating Astronomy: Textbooks”
Astrophysical Institute of the Canary Islands, March
Professor Karen Kwitter
“Sulfur, Chlorine, and Argon Abundances in Galactic Planetary Nebulae”
(with R.B.C. Henry)
IAU Symposium #209, November 2001
“Sulfur, Chlorine and Argon Abundances in a Southern Sample of Planetary
Nebulae”
(with J.B. Milingo, and B.C. Henry)
IAU Symposium #209, November 2001
POSTGRADUATE PLANS OF ASTROPHYSICS
& ASTRONOMY MAJORS
ASTROPHYSICS
Daniel T. Bissex
|
Pursuing career in music
|
Gabriel B. Brammer
|
Employment at Space Telescope Science Institute – Baltimore, MD
|
Shoshana C. Clark
|
Teaching in Honduras
|
Bethany E. Cobb
Rossen L. Djagalov
Caleb I. Fassett
David (Mike) Gioiello III
David M. Glick
|
PhD program in Astronomy at Yale University
Received Horace Clark fellowship to study comparative literature in Moscow
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
|
ASTRONOMY
William S. Allen II
|
Worcester Academy teaching high school math
|