BRONFMAN SCIENCE CENTER PROGRAMS

The newly completed Science Center now links the Bronfman Science Center with the Thompson Biology, Chemistry, and Physics Laboratory buildings, Schow Library, the Morley Science Laboratory wing, and Clark Hall. Serving as the home for astronomy, biology, chemistry, computer science, geosciences, history of science, mathematics and statistics, physics, and psychology, this facility fosters interdisciplinary interaction among all members of the Science Division. This interaction is facilitated through the sharing of core research equipment and services; through interdepartmental programs; and, to a great extent, by the spatial juxtaposition of faculty with common interests regardless of their departmental affiliation. Several Science Center activities promote this further by specifically encouraging discourse among scientists at Williams. This is carried out in many ways, including informal faculty presentations at Tuesday lunches (both during the summer and academic year), the maintenance of a weekly science calendar, the publication of the Report of Science at Williams, and the faculty lectures sponsored each semester by the local Sigma Xi chapter.

The programs based in the Science Center encompass the coordination of grant proposals to federal agencies and private foundations, the distribution of more than $200,000 of research funds annually, and the allocation of space within the science division. In 2000-2001, individual Williams College science faculty received over $1,000,000 from active federal grants for the purchase of equipment and support of student-faculty research projects. The faculty and student research projects and summer research opportunities supported by internal divisional funds, as well as those supported by external grants, are detailed below and in the various departmental reports.

Summer Research Fellowships were awarded to 140 at Williams in 2001. Many of the summer research students are entering their senior year and beginning work that will lead to senior honors research. A large number of research fellowships were awarded to rising sophomores and juniors who were getting their first taste of independent research. The summer research program also included students from outside Williams. Students from a variety of other institutions were sponsored by NSF/REU site grants to the math and physics departments and worked with Williams College math and physics faculty members. As participants in a chemistry department exchange program, two students from the University of Leiden worked with chemistry professors at Williams while two Williams chemistry majors worked with professors at the University of Leiden.

The summer is a relaxed, yet concentrated time for research, without the competition of course work to interrupt collaborative efforts between students and faculty. In addition to the actual research experience, Science Center sponsors a weekly Tuesday luncheon featuring a member of the faculty lecturing on current research, an annual science division picnic, and a poster session at the end of the summer where summer research students present their results.

Support for summer research, a $3300 stipend for 10 weeks plus housing, came from a variety of sources including College funds, external grants to individual faculty, foundation grants, and endowed fellowships provided by generous donations from alumni and friends of the sciences. The Wege-Markgraf endowment, gifts from Peter Wege and the Class of 1952 in honor of Hodge Markgraf ’52, Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, supports summer research fellowships in chemistry. The Betty and Lewis Somers ’48 Student Summer Internships Fund supports summer research fellowships in physics. The Williams Bicentennial Psychology Scholarship Fund supports summer research fellowships in psychology. The Whitehead Scholarship Fund, a gift from John Whitehead ’76, to provide an opportunity for Williams students and faculty to interact with scientists at the prestigious Whitehead Institute, supports summer research fellowships for Williams biology students to spend the summer doing research at the Whitehead Institute. The Arnold Bernhard Foundation Endowed Summer Science Fellows Program, made possible by the generosity of Jean Buttner, Williams Trustee from 1982-1997, supports summer research fellowships across the division.

Full or partial federal, foundation and alumni support for summer student stipends was provided by the following sources:

A luncheon is provided every Tuesday for participants in the summer science program. Faculty members from the science departments give talks on their research at these lunches, with opportunity for discussion afterwards. The speakers this summer were:

Professor Anne Skinner, Department of Chemistry, Williams College

“What Will You Be Doing on Your Summer NOT-Vacation?”
Professor Colin Adams, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College

“Real Estate in Hyperbolic Space: Investment Opportunities for the New Millennium”
Professor Sarah Bolton, Department of Physics, Williams College

“Nanostructures in Femtoseconds: Why Small and Fast Are Beautiful”
Professor Henry Art, Department of Biology, Williams College

“Where the Wildflowers Are (and Why)”
Professor Richard DeVeaux, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College

“Data Mining – Just Stats, or Much More?”
Professor Charles Lovett, Department of Chemistry, Williams College

“Where the DNA Repair Genes Are and How They Are Turned On”
Professor Joseph Chihade, Department of Chemistry, Williams College

“A Second “Second Genetic Code””

During the academic year, the science faculty meets for lunch on Tuesdays in Thompson Biology Laboratory to discuss matters of interest to the sciences as a whole, and to hear informal reports on faculty research and other science developments. The following talks or discussions were held during 2000-2001.

Professor Janine Wittwer, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College

“Wavelets”
Professor Kevin Jones, Department of Physics, Williams College

“Teaching Cold Atoms New Tricks”
Professor George Goethals, Department of Psychology, Williams College

“Presidential Debates”
Professor Lois Banta, Department of Biology, Williams College

“The Genetic Engineer in Your Own Backyard”
Professor Lee Park, Department of Chemistry Williams College

“Liquid Crystals – Displays, Switches, Sensors, and Other Applications”
Professor Karen Kwitter, Department of Astronomy, Williams College

“Where Do Carbon and Nitrogen Come From?”
Professor Marek Demianski, Department of Astronomy, Williams College

“New Matter in the Universe”
Professor William Wootters, Department of Physics, Williams College

“Are Quantum Particles Monogamous?”
Professor Marta Laskowski, Department of Biology, Williams College

“Chipping Away at Plant Genomes: New High-Throughput Tools for Studying Gene Expression”
Professor Enrique Peacock-Lopez, Department of Chemistry, Williams College

“Dynamic Properties of Self-Replicating Structures”
Professor James Teresco, Department of Computer Science, Williams College

“Partitioning and Load Balancing for Parallel Adaptive Scientific Computation”
Professor David Dethier, Department of Geology, Williams College

“Are the Rocky Mountains Young?”
Professor Marlene Sandstrom, Department of Psychology, Williams College

“Peer Rejection in Childhood: An Eye toward Intervention”
Professor Donald deB Beaver, Department of History of Science, Williams College

“Reflections on Scientific Collaboration (and Its Study): Past, Present, and Future”
Professor Maryann Martone, Department of Psychology, Williams College

“Imaging the Nervous System from Molecules to Brains”

In its fifteenth summer in 2001, the Summer Science Program (SSP) provides an enriching and intensive five-week immersion in science, mathematics, and English for a talented group of science-oriented Williams pre-first year minority students. The goal of the Program is to promote and encourage continuing participation in science and science related studies by members of minorities that have historically been under represented in the sciences.

Eleven students took classes in chemistry (including a major laboratory component), biology, mathematics and English (literature and expository writing). Although not replicas of Williams’ academic year offerings, the Summer Science Program classes are taught at a college level, thus introducing participants to the rigors and demands of college academics. In addition to the regular classes, the students participated in geology laboratory and field experiments. They also engaged in a variety of extracurricular activities, including the Williamstown Theatre Festival, a weekend trip to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and a day trip to the Great Escape in Lake George.

Enthusiasm for the Program has been high. Participants have taken full advantage of the opportunity to study at Williams in the summer. As a result of the Summer Science Program, their academic year experiences have been successful and many of the students have continued their studies in science or mathematics. A significant number of former participants have returned to campus in the summertime as summer research students in science and mathematics, have become tutors for the Summer Science Program, or have secured positions elsewhere in science research institutes.

Professor Charles M. Lovett, Director of the Summer Science Program, taught the chemistry lectures and Professor David P. Richardson conducted the laboratory sessions. Professors Olga R. Beaver and Cesar Silva taught the mathematics component. Professors Marta Laskowski and Daniel Lynch taught the biology lectures. Professor D.L. Smith taught the English sessions and Professor David Dethier conducted the geology-in-the-field laboratory. Dr. Michael Payne led the students in discussions of goals, data management, and approaches to college life. The tutors for the Program in 2001 were Georgina Calderon ’04, Marsha Lynch ’03, and Christina Villegas ’04.

The Summer Science Program has been funded primarily by Williams College as part of the institution’s commitment to encourage the participation of minorities in the sciences. Since 1991, SSP has received additional funding from a biological sciences award from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. This grant contributed support for several SSP components, and has provided summer research stipends for SSP students after their first year at Williams. Special thanks go to the many science faculty and students of Williams College who, during the summer as well as during the academic year, have contributed to the success of the Program and of its participants.

The Williams College Sigma Xi Chapter has played an active role on the Williams Campus since it was founded as the Sigma Xi Club in 1969. Sigma Xi is a national society honoring and encouraging research in science. At Williams, it also sponsors outreach programs designed to stimulate interest in science among grade school, junior high and high school students. The officers for 2000-2001 were Professor Jay M. Pasachoff of the Astronomy Department, President, and Professor Protik Majumder of the Physics Department, Secretary/Treasurer.

During the 2000-2001 academic year, our chapter sponsored two events. In the fall, Professor Ronadh Cox of the Geology Department gave two lectures under the heading “Written in Stone.” The first talk, subtitled “Reading Rocks,” discussed the problems of working with very old rocks, and how geologists deal with them; the second, on “Supercontinent, Death and Birth,” gave an overview of the formation and subsequent disintegration of the supercontinent Gondwana, based on recent research in Madagascar. In the spring, Professor Jerome P. Reiter of the Mathematics and Statistics Department gave two lectures entitled “What Is Bayesian Statistics” and “Preserving Confidentiality without Compromising Access to Data: A Radical New Approach.” Reiter’s research focuses on methodologies for analyzing survey data. His work with the Census Bureau, which was the subject of his second talk, examines ways in which agencies can release public-use data sets that have fine detail but do not compromise survey respondents’ confidentiality. The methods Reiter uses in this work are based on Bayesian modeling, which was the subject of his first talk. Bayesian modeling provides principled approaches to complicated data analysis. Researchers increasingly employ it across disciplines, yet it is seldom taught in introductory statistical courses.

The Sigma Xi Club sponsored a High School Science Award for a student at Mount Greylock Regional High School, Williamstown, MA, in recognition of his/her high level of motivation and accomplishment in his/her science courses. This year the award was given to Shannon Murtagh.

One of the primary purposes of Sigma Xi is to recognize graduating science students who have demonstrated exceptional ability and promise for further contributions to the advancement of scientific research. These students are elected as Associate Members of Sigma Xi and are then inducted into the Society at a ceremony during Class Day on Commencement Weekend. On Saturday morning, the Chapter honored 42 newly elected Associate Members from the Class of 2001 in a ceremony in the Bronfman Auditorium. A detailed description of the research projects of these students is presented in the Student Abstracts section of this Report.

The Science Court completes the south side of the Science Quadrangle and provides the main entrance
to the Schow Science Library and the renovated Thompson Laboratories.


The Southeast Entrance to Morley Laboratories

A New Chemistry Lab in Morley